Basic characteristics of exposure groups and control group
| Control group(n = 211) | Low exposure(n = 238) | Moderate exposure(n = 237) | High exposure(n = 237) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *p<0.05; **p<0.01 v control group. | ||||
| †Geometric mean, arithmetic mean, median. | ||||
| ‡Number (%). | ||||
| ¶Arithmetic mean (SD). | ||||
| §p<0.01 (linear trend test across control group to high exposure group). | ||||
| Sex‡ | ||||
| Men | 192 (91.0) | 215 (90.3) | 234 (98.7)** | 223 (94.1) |
| Women | 19 (9.0) | 23 (9.7) | 3 (1.3) | 14 (5.9) |
| Age (years)¶ | 35.7 (8.0) | 34.6 (8.2) | 37.9 (8.0)* | 35.3 (7.2) |
| Age group (year)‡ | ||||
| <30 | 53 (25.1) | 79 (33.2) | 41 (17.3) | 51 (21.5) |
| 30–34 | 49 (23.2) | 45 (18.9) | 44 (18.6) | 74 (31.2) |
| 35–39 | 43 (20.4) | 38 (16.0) | 46 (19.4) | 58 (24.5) |
| 40+ | 66 (31.3) | 76 (31.9) | 106 (44.7)* | 54 (22.8) |
| Height (cm)¶ | 168.6 (5.4) | 167.8 (6.2) | 169.8 (5.5)* | 165.8 (6.2)* |
| Height group (cm)‡ | ||||
| <164 | 32 (15.2) | 52 (21.8) | 29 (12.2) | 78 (32.9)** |
| 164–167 | 48 (22.7) | 44 (18.5) | 36 (15.2) | 56 (23.6)** |
| 168–171 | 73 (34.6) | 82 (34.5) | 86 (36.3) | 61 (25.7)** |
| 172+ | 58 (27.5) | 60 (25.2) | 86 (36.3) | 42 (17.7)** |
| Smoking status‡ | ||||
| Never smoker | 56 (26.5) | 89 (37.4) | 57 (24.1) | 66 (27.8) |
| Current smoker | 115 (54.5) | 136 (57.1) | 172 (72.6)** | 151 (63.7) |
| Ex-smoker | 40 (19.0) | 13 (5.5)** | 8 (3.4)** | 20 (8.4)** |
| Cigarette-years of smoking‡ | ||||
| 0 | 56 (26.5) | 89 (37.4) | 57 (24.1) | 66 (27.8) |
| 1–99 | 68 (32.2) | 44 (18.5) | 46 (19.4) | 52 (21.9) |
| 100–199 | 38 (18.0) | 29 (12.2) | 27 (11.4) | 43 (18.1) |
| 200–299 | 33 (15.6) | 24 (10.1) | 28 (11.8) | 35 (14.8) |
| 300+ | 16 (7.6) | 52 (21.8)** | 79 (33.3)** | 41 (17.3)* |
| Cumulative BSF exposure level(μg/m3-years)†§ | – | 2.6, 449.5, 505.2 | 3.0, 1147.8, 1263.0 | 3.7, 7141.6, 4420.5 |