Univariate and multivariate analyses for presence of cough
| Variable | No (%) with cough | Unadjusted OR | 99% CI | Adjusted OR† | 99% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; BMI, body mass index | |||||
| *p<0.01. | |||||
| †Following multivariate logistic regression. | |||||
| Age (per year) | 1.05 | 1.00 to 1.10 | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 194/1704 (11) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 287/2179 (13) | 1.18 | 0.91 to 1.53 | 0.95 | 0.71 to 1.28 |
| Heartburn | |||||
| No | 305/2990 (10) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 176/889 (20) | 2.17 | 1.65 to 2.85* | 1.32 | 0.95 to 1.83 |
| Regurgitation | |||||
| No | 347/3314 (10) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 133/568 (23) | 2.61 | 1.93 to 3.52* | 1.71 | 1.20 to 2.45* |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 446/3621 (12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Single | 29/208 (14) | 1.15 | 0.64 to 1.95 | 1.23 | 0.67 to 2.24 |
| Smoker | |||||
| No | 318/2994 (11) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 156/843 (18.5) | 1.91 | 1.44 to 2.52* | 1.61 | 1.18 to 2.19* |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Yes | 414/3536 (12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 61/312 (20) | 1.83 | 1.21 to 2.71* | 1.27 | 0.81 to 1.99 |
| Coffee | |||||
| Yes | 400/3336 (12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 76/508 (15) | 1.29 | 0.89 to 1.83 | 1.23 | 0.83 to 1.80 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 462/3757 (12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Non-white | 11/74 (15) | 1.25 | 0.46 to 2.86 | 1.10 | 0.41 to 2.95 |
| Social class | |||||
| I + II | 148/1500 (10) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| III | 210/1640 (13) | 1.34 | 1.00 to 1.81* | 1.20 | 0.88 to 1.65 |
| IV + V | 71/391 (18) | 2.03 | 1.33 to 3.06* | 1.63 | 1.04 to 2.57* |
| IBS | |||||
| No | 268/2914 (9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 208/909 (23) | 2.93 | 2.24 to 3.82* | 2.00 | 1.47 to 2.72* |
| NSAID/aspirin use within last year | |||||
| No | 320/2564 (12.5) | 1.00 | N/A | ||
| Yes | 84/606 (14) | 1.13 | 0.79 to 1.59 | N/A | N/A |
| H pylori status | |||||
| Negative | 347/2835 (12) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Positive | 134/1048 (13) | 1.05 | 0.79 to 1.39 | 0.85 | 0.62 to 1.17 |
| BMI category | |||||
| Normal | 167/1547 (11) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Overweight | 172/1448 (12) | 1.11 | 0.82 to 1.51 | 1.00 | 0.72 to 1.38 |
| Obese | 130/776 (17) | 1.66 | 1.19 to 2.32* | 1.34 | 0.93 to 1.91 |
| Quality of life at baseline | |||||
| High | 105/1244 (8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Medium | 141/1247 (11) | 1.38 | 0.97 to 1.98 | 1.32 | 0.91 to 1.92 |
| Low | 215/1247 (17) | 2.26 | 1.62 to 3.17* | 1.63 | 1.13 to 2.35* |