Cumulative effect of childhood socioeconomic position on adult forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
| No of adverse childhood socioeconomic indicators* | Difference (95% CI) in FEV1 (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | |
| SD = standard deviation (1 standard deviation FEV1 = 0.52 l). | |||
| *Number of adverse socioeconomic indicators = an individual’s sum of belonging to manual social class in childhood, living in a house with no bathroom as a child, living in a house with no hot water as a child, no family access to a car as a child, and sharing a bedroom as a child. | |||
| †Adjusted for nurse, age, and height squared. | |||
| ‡Adjusted for nurse, age, height squared, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, adult social class, and respiratory treatment. | |||
| None | 245 | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 470 | −0.09 (−0.23 to 0.04) | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.07) |
| 2 | 815 | −0.23 (−0.36 to −0.11) | −0.14 (−0.27 to −0.03) |
| 3 | 806 | −0.30 (−0.42 to −0.17) | −0.21 (−0.33 to −0.09) |
| 4 | 501 | −0.36 (−0.50 to −0.23) | −0.27 (−0.40 to −0.14) |
| 5 | 804 | −0.36 (−0.48 to −0.23) | −0.25 (−0.36 to −0.12) |
| p trend <0.001 | p trend <0.001 | ||