Lung function |
Severe COPD** | 6.6 | 5.1 to 8.6 | 2.7 | 2.1 to 3.5 |
Moderate COPD | 3.5 | 3.0 to 4.2 | 1.6 | 1.4 to 2.0 |
Mild COPD | 2.4 | 2.0 to 2.9 | 1.2 | 1.01 to 1.4 |
Respiratory symptoms only | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.97 to 1.4 |
Restrictive lung disease | 2.6 | 2.3 to 3.2 | 1.7 | 1.4 to 2.0 |
No lung disease | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
Age |
25–39 | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
40–49 | 3.0 | 2.3 to 4.1 | 2.7 | 2.0 to 3.6 |
50–59 | 7.2 | 5.6 to 9.3 | 6.0 | 5.0 to 7.9 |
60–69 | 17.9 | 13.9 to 22.9 | 16.3 | 12.6 to 21.2 |
70–74 | 37.8 | 29.1 to 49.1 | 37.1 | 28.1 to 49.0 |
Race |
White | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
Non-white | 1.4 | 1.2 to 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.97 to 1.4 |
Sex |
Male | 1.6 | 1.5 to 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 to 1.9 |
Female | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
Education |
⩽12 years | 1.8 | 1.5 to 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.01 to 1.4 |
⩾13 years | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
Smoking status |
Current smoker | 1.3 | 1.2 to 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 to 1.7 |
Former smoker | 1.4 | 1.2 to 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 to 1.4 |
Never smoker | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
Pack years |
Never smoker | 1.0 | | | |
<30 | 0.8 | 0.7 to 0.9 | 1.0 | |
30–<60 | 1.8 | 1.6 to 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.6 |
⩾60 | 2.7 | 2.3 to 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.5 |
Years since regularly smoked |
Never smoker | 1.0 | | | |
0 | 1.7 | 1.4 to 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.7 |
0–<10 | 1.2 | 1.0 to 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.2 |
⩾10 | 1.3 | 1.2 to 1.5 | 1.0 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) |
<18.5 | 1.7 | 1.3 to 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.3 to 2.3 |
⩾18–24 | 1.0 | | 1.0 | |
25–29 | 1.3 | 1.2 to 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.9 to 1.2 |
⩾30 | 1.7 | 1.4 to 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 to 1.7 |