Within group changes and between group differences in outcome variables after pulmonary rehabilitation
| Within group changes | Between group differences | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supplement | Placebo | Mean difference | p value | |
| BMI=body mass index; ISWT, ESWT=incremental and endurance shuttle walk tests; HGS=hand grip strength; QS=quadriceps strength. | ||||
| Within group changes: Mean (95% CI) changes are given. Unless specified, comparisons are made using the paired student’s t test. Changes were calculated by subtracting baseline from post rehabilitation measurements. Negative values denote a decrease over the study period. Between group differences: Mean (95% CI) differences are adjusted for baseline using ANCOVA. Negative values indicate higher values in the placebo group. | ||||
| *Median values are given. Within group changes compared using Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Between group comparisons made using Mann-Whitney U test. | ||||
| †p<0.05; ‡p<0.01. | ||||
| Physical performance | ||||
| ISWT (m) | 60.0 (39.1 to 80.9)‡ | 42.6 (25.0 to 60.1)‡ | 18 (−8 to 45) | 0.174 |
| ESWT (s)* | 328 (223 to 554)‡ | 191 (131 to 304)‡ | 103 (−55 to 255) | 0.182 |
| HGS (kg force) | 0.64 (−0.03 to 1.31) | −0.05 (−0.78 to 0.68) | 0.93 (−0.04 to 1.89) | 0.060 |
| QS (N) | 17.4 (3.3 to 31.6)† | 3.6 (−8.1 to 15.3) | 16.5 (−1.2 to 34.2) | 0.068 |
| Body composition | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 0.63 (0.03 to 1.23)† | −0.58 (−1.11 to −0.05)† | 1.23 (0.42 to 2.05) | 0.004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.24 (0.03 to 0.44)† | −0.22 (−0.42 to −0.02)† | 0.46 (0.17 to 0.75) | 0.002 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 0.13 (−0.43 to 0.70) | 0.63 (0.18 to 1.08)‡ | −0.51 (−1.23 to 0.20) | 0.156 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.67 (0.03 to 1.30)† | −0.76 (−1.27 to −0.25)‡ | 1.46 (0.65 to 2.27) | 0.001 |