Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human emphysema
| Author (ref) | Emphysema detection | Test samples | Observations | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT=computed tomographic scan of the chest; AM=alveolar macrophage; BAL=bronchoalveolar lavage; LVRS=lung volume reduction surgery | ||||
| Finlay50 | CT | AM mRNA and culture media | ↑ collagenase 1(MMP-1) ↑ gelatinase B (MMP-9) | No increase in expression of macrophage elastase (MMP-12) |
| Finlay51 | CT | BAL fluid | ↑ collagenase activity ↑ gelatinase B (MMP-9) | MMPs probably neutrophil derived |
| Ohnishi41 | Histology | Lung tissue from LVRS | ↑ MT-MMP-1 (MMP-14) ↑ gelatinase A (MMP-2) | No increase in expression of macrophage elastase (MMP-12) |
| Betsuyaku33 | CT | BAL fluid and AM culture media | ↑ collagenase 2 (MMP-8), ↑ gelatinase B (MMP-9) | MMPs in BAL fluid from inflammatory cells; no ↑ gelatinase B (MMP-9) in AM culture media in emphysema |
| Segura-Valdez52 | Histology | Lung tissue from autopsy and LVRS; BAL fluid | ↑ collagenases 1, 2, 3 (MMPs -1, -8, -13) ↑ gelatinases A, B (MMPs -2, -9) | MMPs are expressed by both inflammatory cells and structural cells of the lung |
| Imai25 | Histology | Lung tissue from lung transplant and LVRS | ↑ collagenase 1 (MMP-1) | Collagenase expressed by type II cells. No increase in expression ofmacrophage elastase (MMP-12) |
| Minematsu40 | CT | Cellular DNA | ↑ gelatinase B (MMP-9) polymorphism in smokers with emphysema | This polymorphism also associated with an increased incidence of coronary atherosclerosis |