Relationship between demographic and disease-related variables and depression (CES-D) in patients with COPD (n=162): prevalence in subgroups and logistic regression analysis
| n | CES-D ≥16 | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *p<0.01 (χ2 test). | ||||
| †Adjusted for all other variables. | ||||
| ‡Score = 71.98 on symptoms dimension SGRQ (mean + 1 SD). | ||||
| §Score = 68.69 on activities dimension SGRQ (mean + 1 SD). | ||||
| ≥65 years | 99 | 17 (17.2%) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.1) | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.9) |
| <65 years | 63 | 18 (28.6%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Men | 116 | 21 (18.1%) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.1) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.2) |
| Women | 46 | 14 (30.4%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| NHS insurance | 122 | 28 (23.0%) | 1.4 (0.5 to 3.4) | 1.3 (0.4 to 4.4) |
| Private insurance | 39 | 7 (17.9%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Low education | 137 | 29 (21.2%) | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.7) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.0) |
| High education | 22 | 5 (22.7%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Living alone | 40 | 15 (37.5%)* | 3.1 (1.4 to 6.8) | 2.8 (1.0 to 7.8) |
| Living with others | 122 | 20 (16.4%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Presence comorbidity | 102 | 25 (24.5%) | 1.8 (0.7 to 4.5) | 2.4 (0.7 to 8.1) |
| Absence comorbidity | 46 | 7 (15.2%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| FEV1 <50% predicted | 60 | 15 (25.0%) | 1.4 (0.6 to 2.9) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.5) |
| FEV1 ≥50% predicted | 102 | 20 (19.6%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Reversibility ≤1.1% | 29 | 13 (44.8%)* | 4.1 (1.7 to 9.7) | 3.7 (1.3 to 11.0) |
| Reversibility 1.1–12% | 133 | 22 (16.5%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Severe symptoms‡ | 33 | 13 (39.4%)* | 3.2 (1.4 to 7.3) | 2.8 (0.9 to 8.6) |
| Mild to moderate symptoms | 129 | 22 (17.1%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Severe impaired physical function§ | 20 | 10 (50.0%)* | 4.7 (1.8 to 12.4) | 5.6 (1.6 to 19.9) |
| Mild to moderate impaired physical function | 142 | 25 (17.6%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |