Characteristics of oral and parenteral opioid studies
| Study | Population | Intervention | Methodology | Primary outcome measure used in review | Jadad score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; VAS=visual analogue score. | |||||
| Bruera et al9 | Cancer (n=10) | Morphine sc, dose variable (150% regular dose) | Single dose study, at rest | VAS for dysonoea | 4 |
| Chua et al10 | Chronic heart failure (n=12) | Dihydrocodeine po, dose 1 mg/kg | Single dose study, exercise testing | Borg score | 4 |
| Eiser et al11 (a) | COPD (n=14) | Diamorphine po, dose 2.5 mg/5 mg qds | Multiple dose study, exercise testing | VAS for dyspnoea | 4 |
| Eiser et al11 (b) | COPD (n=10) | Diamorphine po, dose 7.5 mg | Single dose study, exercise testing | VAS for dyspnoea | 4 |
| Johnson et al12 | COPD (n=19) | Dihydrocodeine po, dose 15 mg | Multiple dose study, exercise testing | VAS for dyspnoea | 4 |
| Light et al13 | COPD (n=7) | Morphine po, dose 30 g | Single dose study, exercise testing | Borg score | 4 |
| Poole et al14 | COPD (n=16) | MR morphine, dose variable (10–20 mg, od–bd) | Multiple dose study, exercise testing | Breathlessness scores on Likert scale | 4 |
| Woodcock et al15 | COPD (n=12) | Dihydrocodeine po, dose 1 mg/kg | Single dose study, exercise testing | VAS for dyspnoea | 4 |
| Woodcock et al16 | COPD (n=16) | Dihydrocodeine po, dose 30/60 mg tds | Multiple dose study, exercise testing | O2 cost diagram | 3 |