Frequency of wheezing at 18 months and 4 years and of variables of interest by sex in children in Ifakara (Tanzania)
|
Male (n=335) |
Female (n=338) |
Total (n=673) | |
| Respiratory symptoms | |||
| Wheezing at 18 months | 81 (24%) | 67 (20%) | 148 (22%) |
| Current wheezing at 4 years | 39 (16%) | 34 (13%) | 73 (14%) |
| Frequent wheezing at 4 years (>2 episodes) | 19 (7.8%) | 14 (5.3%) | 33 (6.2%) |
| Wheezing at 18 months and 4 years | |||
| Never | 139 (59%) | 171 (68%) | 310 (63%) |
| Persistent | 20 (8.5%) | 15 (6%) | 35 (7.2%) |
| Only once | 77 (33%) | 67 (27%) | 144 (29%) |
| Malaria parasites in cord blood | 11 (3.3%) | 13 (3.9%) | 24 (3.4%) |
| Malaria intervention before 12 months | |||
| Deltaprim | 75 (23%) | 95 (28%) | 170 (26%) |
| Iron | 76 (23%) | 89 (26%) | 165 (25%) |
| Iron + deltaprim | 85 (26%) | 94 (27%) | 179 (27%) |
| Malaria hospital admissions during first 4 years of life | |||
| At least one admission | 239 (71%) | 249 (73%) | 488 (72%) |
| Yearly incidence (%) | 22.0 | 21.2 | 21.8 |
| LRTI before 18 months | |||
| At least one episode | 174 (52%) | 176 (52%) | 350 (52%) |
| No of episodes1-150 | 0.91 (1.20) | 0.76 (0.92) | 0.83 (1.0) |
| Total IgE (kU/l) | |||
| Cord blood >1.9 kU/l | 50 (19%) | 42 (16.5%) | 92 (18%) |
| IgE at 18 months1-150 | 394 (529) | 323 (431) | 359 (483) |
| Parity | |||
| First | 89 (26%) | 102 (30%) | 191 (28%) |
| Four or more | 120 (36%) | 103 (30%) | 223 (33%) |
| Maternal | |||
| Age in years1-150 | 26.2 (5.5) | 25.6 (2.6) | 25.9 (6.2) |
| Current asthma1-151 | 12 (5.5%) | 6 (2.6%) | 18 (4.0%) |
| Atopy1-152 | 162 (62%) | 166 (64%) | 328 (63%) |
| Total IgE >1000 kU/l | 149 (57%) | 160 (62%) | 309 (60%) |
| Total IgE >2000 kU/l | 76 (29%) | 85 (33%) | 161 (31%) |
| Environment | |||
| Indoor fire, no ventilation | 75 (22.3%) | 67 (20.0%) | 142 (21%) |
| No of residents in household1-150 | 5.9 (3.3) | 6.2 (3.1) | 6.0 (3.1) |
| Breastfed at 12 months | 323 (97%) | 324 (96%) | 647 (96%) |
| Der p I in dust (μg/g)1-150 | 2.0 (5.6) | 2.5 (6.9) | 2.3 (6.1) |
| Fel dI in dust (μg/g)1-150 | 0.4 (1.6) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.3 (1.3) |