Table 5

Patterns of failure

Reference		Subset		Local failure (%)	Regional failure (%)				Locoregional failure (%)				Distant metastases (%)
Reference		Subset		Any or first^5-d	Isolated	Any			Isolated or first^5-d	Any			Any or first^5-d
Stage I (T1–2N0)
Haffty (1988)⁸							39
Sandler (1990)10							43^5-a
Kaskowitz (1993)12		63							40
	<65 Gy	50
	>65 Gy	25
Slotman (1994)13						26^b			21
Krol (1996)16		68	2	15					33
Slotman (1996)17		6	3	6					16
Morita (1997)18		44
Jeremic (1997)19		45	0	11					25
	T1	29
	T2	62
Nguyen-Tan (1998)20		41							22
	T1	32
	T2	50
Sibley (1998)21		22	3	7					23
Hayakawa (1999)22		8	3	8			11		36

Stage IIA (T1–2N1)
Rosenthal (1992)24						55^5-d			30

Stage I & IIA (T1–2N0–1)
Schildge (1993)27				30					28
Furuta (1996)30		25^5-d							25^5-d
Hayakawa (1996)31	Tumour <5cm					24^5-a			57
	Tumour >5cm					53 ^a			80

Stage I & IIB (T1–3N0)
Dosoretz (1992)36		70							45
	T1	30 ^5-c							9^5-c
	T2	80^5-c							40^5-c
	T3	86^5-c							40^5-c
Kupelian (1996)39	T1	11
	T2	39
	T3	58

Sites of failure according to whether noted to be the first site of relapse, an isolated site of relapse, or a site of relapse at any time during the course of the disease. Results of subgroup analyses are shown in italics.
↵5-a In-field recurrence rate^{; b}intrathoracic failure rate;
↵5-c actuarial 4 year risk;
↵5-d site of first relapse.