Onset of action of inhaled budesonide on exhaled markers, lung function, and symptoms in patients with mild asthma
| Days of treatment | NO (ppb) | CO (ppm) | NO2−/NO3− (μM) | S-NO (μM) | 8-iso (pg/ml) | FEV1 (% pred) | PEF (l/min) | Symptom score (units) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Budesonide 400 μg/day | ||||||||
| NO=nitric oxide; CO=carbon monoxide; NO2−=nitrite; NO3−=nitrate; S-NO=S-nitrosothiols; 8-iso=8-isoprostane; FEV1=forced expiratory volume in 1 second; PEF=peak expiratory flow. Data are mean (95% CI). *p<0.05, **p<0.01 v pretreatment baseline (day 0) value. | ||||||||
| 0 | 20.8 (15.3 to 26.3) | 3.2 (2.6 to 3.9) | 57(47 to 62) | 1.0 (0.52 to 1.54) | 10.4 (6.4 to 14.3) | 90 (83 to 96) | 460 (392 to 528) | 0.7 (0.12 to 1.34) |
| 3 | 15.5 (10.4 to 20.6) | 3.0 (2.1 to 4.0) | 48 (35 to 62) | – | 8.4 (0.95 to 15.9) | 95 (88 to 102) | 467 (398 to 537) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.9) |
| 5 | 12.9 (9.1 to 16.7) | 2.7 (2.2 to 3.2) | 39 (25 to 53) | – | 8.0 (6.0 to 10.1) | 95 (89 to 100) | 471 (402 to 539) | 0.5 (–0.08 to 1.17) |
| 7 | 13.5** (9.0 to 17.9) | 2.8 (2.1 to 3.5) | 36** (20 to 53) | 0.6** (0.35 to 0.84) | 11.9 (5.7 to 18.2) | 92 (83 to 101) | 468 (390 to 546) | 0.4 (0.02 to 0.70) |
| 14 | 14.3** (10.2 to 18.4) | 2.8 (1.9 to 3.7) | 41** (26 to 55) | – | 10.7 (6.8 to 14.5) | 94 (86 to 102) | 481 (421 to 540) | 0.4 (–0.09 to 0.82) |
| 21 | 11.4** (8.5 to 14.3) | 2.4** (1.6 to 3.3) | 45 (26 to 54) | 0.5* (0.27 to 0.75) | 7.2 (3.9 to 10.5) | 94 (84 to 105) | 449 (387 to 510) | 0.3 (–0.16 to 0.71) |
| Budesonide100 μg/day | ||||||||
| 0 | 17.7 (15.1 to 20.2) | 3.4 (2.8 to 4.0) | 51 (42 to 60) | 0.9 (0.52 to 1.19) | 11.6 (7.8 to 15.5) | 94 (87 to 100) | 522 (480 to 564) | 0.5 (–0.01 to 1.10) |
| 3 | 15.8 (13.4 to 18.3) | 3.3 (2.6 to 4.0) | 41 (29 to 54) | – | 12.3 (7.1 to 17.5) | 93 (86 to 101) | 500 (448 to 550) | 0.7 (0.05 to 1.41) |
| 5 | 14.4 (12.5 to 16.4) | 3.3 (2.7 to 3.9) | 42 (30 to 55) | – | 9.1 (4.1 to 14.5) | 92 (84 to 100) | 507 (459 to 556) | 0.8 (0.03 to 1.60) |
| 7 | 12.7** (10.4 to 14.9) | 2.8 (1.8 to 3.8) | 38* (22 to 54) | 0.8 (0.10 to 1.46) | 10.7 (4.1 to 17.3) | 95 (88 to 101) | 517 (473 to 560) | 0.5 (–0.01 to 1.10) |
| 14 | 12.4* (8.9 to 15.9) | 3.1 (2.0 to 4.2) | 34* (20 to 48) | – | 9.4 (0.85 to 18.0) | 93 (86 to 100) | 511 (472 to 550) | 0.1* (–0.11 to 1.83) |
| 21 | 13.4** (10.7 to 16.2) | 2.8 (1.9 to 3.7) | 43 (15 to 70) | 1.0 (0.53 to 1.41) | 10.7 (4.7 to 16.7) | 93 (86 to 101) | 502 (455 to 549) | 0.9 (–0.01 to 1.83) |
| Placebo | ||||||||
| 0 | 14.3 (11.4 to 17.2) | 3.1 (2.0 to 4.1) | 48 (33 to 63) | 0.8 (0.10 to 1.73) | 12.8 (1.6 to 23.9) | 93 (81 to 105) | 482 (361 to 603) | 0.2 (–0.26 to 0.60) |
| 3 | 17.3 (10.3 to 24.4) | 3.1 (1.6 to 4.7) | 45 (22 to 69) | – | 15.3 (4.2 to 26.5) | 93 (86 to 101) | 475 (349 to 601) | 1.0 (–0.33 to 2.33) |
| 5 | 14.4 (11.0 to 17.8) | 3.1 (2.0 to 4.1) | 47 (27 to 68) | – | 12.3 (6.9 to 17.7) | 92 (84 to 100) | 485 (364 to 606) | 0.3 (–0.03 to 0.06) |
| 7 | 15.5 (8.9 to 22.1) | 3.5 (2.0 to 5.1) | 52 (34 to 70) | 0.5 (0.49 to 1.46) | 12.2 (4.9 to 19.4) | 85 (73 to 97) | 484 (363 to 605) | 0.3 (–0.21 to 0.88) |
| 14 | 15.8 (10.4 to 21.1) | 2.9 (1.3 to 4.5) | 52 (33 to 70) | – | 13.4 (1.7 to 25.1) | 88 (77 to 99) | 468 (345 to 591) | 0.02 (–0.03 to 0.06) |
| 21 | 15.9 (9.5 to 22.4) | 2.9 (1.6 to 4.2) | 53 (42 to 65) | 0.5 (0.21 to 1.16) | 14.7 (8.5 to 20.8) | 88 (76 to 105) | 487 (361 to 613) | 0.02 (–0.03 to 0.06) |