Table 3

Mean (SE) trough, peak and average (over 6 hours) response in FEV₁ and FVC after tiotropium and ipratropium

	Day	Tiotropium (n = 182)	Ipratropium (n = 93)	Difference	95% CI	p value
FEV₁ response
Trough (l)	8	0.15 (0.01)	0.01 (0.02)	0.13 (0.02)	0.09 to 0.18	0.0001
	50	0.15 (0.02)	0.01 (0.02)	0.14 (0.03)	0.09 to 0.19	0.0001
	92	0.16 (0.02)	0.03 (0.02)	0.13 (0.03)	0.08 to 0.18	0.0001
Peak (l)	1	0.34 (0.01)	0.32 (0.02)	0.02 (0.02)	−0.02 to 0.06	0.29
	8	0.38 (0.02)	0.32 (0.02)	0.06 (0.03)	0.00 to 0.11	0.03
	50	0.38 (0.02)	0.30 (0.03)	0.09 (0.03)	0.02 to 0.15	0.01
	92	0.36 (0.02)	0.31 (0.02)	0.05 (0.03)	−0.00 to 0.11	0.06
Average (l)	1	0.24 (0.01)	0.18 (0.02)	0.06 (0.02)	0.02 to 0.09	0.002
	8	0.27 (0.02)	0.18 (0.02)	0.09 (0.02)	0.04 to 0.14	0.0002
	50	0.28 (0.02)	0.17 (0.02)	0.11 (0.03)	0.05 to 0.16	0.0002
	92	0.26 (0.02)	0.18 (0.02)	0.08 (0.03)	0.03 to 0.13	0.003
FVC response
Trough (l)	8	0.34 (0.03)	0.08 (0.04)	0.25 (0.05)	0.15 to 0.35	0.0001
	50	0.34 (0.03)	0.11 (0.05)	0.23 (0.05)	0.13 to 0.34	0.0001
	92	0.39 (0.04)	0.18 (0.05)	0.21 (0.06)	0.10 to 0.32	0.0003
Peak (l)	1	0.78 (0.03)	0.70 (0.04)	0.08 (0.05)	−0.01 to 0.18	0.08
	8	0.83 (0.04)	0.73 (0.05)	0.10 (0.06)	−0.02 to 0.21	0.10
	50	0.85 (0.04)	0.74 (0.06)	0.11 (0.07)	−0.03 to 0.24	0.11
	92	0.84 (0.04)	0.77 (0.06)	0.06 (0.07)	−0.07 to 0.20	0.35
Average (l)	1	0.53 (0.03)	0.40 (0.03)	0.13 (0.04)	0.05 to 0.21	0.001
	8	0.58 (0.03)	0.42 (0.05)	0.16 (0.05)	0.06 to 0.27	0.003
	50	0.62 (0.04)	0.45 (0.05)	0.17 (0.06)	0.05 to 0.29	0.006
	92	0.61 (0.04)	0.50 (0.05)	0.11 (0.06)	−0.01 to 0.23	0.08

The baseline means are adjusted for centre effects. All other means are adjusted for centre effects and baseline FEV₁ or FVC. The common baseline mean FEV₁ is 1.19 l (tiotropium 1.21 l, ipratropium 1.15 l, p>0.05); the common baseline mean FVC is 2.69 l (tiotropium 2.75 l, ipratropium 2.57 l, p>0.05).