Cross sectional analysis: differences in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in ml associated with increases in the frequency of food intake from baseline category at phase I
| Food | No. | Adjusted for: | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Age, height, age2 and height2 | (2) Model 1 + body mass index and smoking | (3) Model 2 + social class, work exercise and leisure exercise | (4) Model 3 + total energy intake | ||
| Difference (95% CI) | Difference (95% CI) | Difference (95% CI) | Difference (95% CI) | ||
| Fatty fish (no. of times per week) | |||||
| Never/rarely | 709 | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) |
| <1 | 669 | 28.0 (–42.3 to 98.4) | 20.4 (–47.5 to 88.4) | 5.7 (–61.4 to 72.7) | 9.0 (–57.9 to 75.8) |
| 1 | 543 | –33.1 (–107.5 to 41.3) | –21.4 (–93.3 to 50.5) | –28.9 (–99.9 to 42.0) | –15.3 (–86.5 to 56.0) |
| ⩾2 | 107 | 29.4 (–105.9 to 164.7) | 56.8 (–73.8 to 187.5) | 7.4 (–121.7 to 136.5) | 32.7 (–96.9 to 162.4) |
| Test for trend2-150 | p = 0.572 | p = 0.926 | p = 0.503 | p = 0.851 | |
| Citrus fruit (no. of grapefruit or oranges per week) | |||||
| None | 1125 | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) |
| 1 | 368 | 82.9 (4.4 to 161.4) | 52.7 (–23.2 to 128.6) | 33.1 (–41.7 to 107.9) | 36.0 (–38.5 to 110.6) |
| 2–4 | 491 | 5.6 (–65.2 to 76.4) | –31.0 (–99.4 to 37.5) | –48.5 (–116.0 to 19.0) | –40.2 (–107.5 to 27.2) |
| ⩾5 | 117 | 209.5 (82.8 to 336.2) | 123.0 (–0.3 to 246.4) | 99.3 (–22.1 to 220.7) | 105.4 (–15.6 to 226.4) |
| Test for trend† | p = 0.004 | p = 0.228 | p = 0.513 | p = 0.393 | |
| Fruit juice (no. of times per week) | |||||
| Never/rarely | 519 | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) |
| <1 | 303 | 125.7 (31.2 to 220.1) | 88.9 (–2.7 to 180.6) | 53.5 (–37.0 to 144.0) | 54.3 (–36.0 to 144.6) |
| 1 | 195 | 95.2 (–14.7 to 205.1) | 59.5 (–47.1 to 166.1) | 24.4 (–80.6 to 129.5) | 31.4 (–73.5 to 136.2) |
| 2–4 | 553 | 71.9 (–8.1 to 151.8) | 13.5 (–64.6 to 91.6) | –8.2 (–85.2 to 68.7) | 4.3 (–72.8 to 81.4) |
| ⩾5 | 433 | 143.1 (57.8 to 228.5) | 58.2 (–25.9 to 142.3) | 18.5 (–64.7 to 101.7) | 29.7 (–53.6 to 112.9) |
| Test for trend2-150 | p = 0.012 | p = 0.616 | p = 0.827 | p = 0.918 | |
| Apples (no. of apples per week) | |||||
| None | 645 | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) | 0 (baseline) |
| 1 | 270 | 97.1 (3.2 to 191.0) | 75.7 (–15.7 to 167.1) | 49.3 (–40.9 to 139.5) | 44.5 (–45.4 to 134.5) |
| 2–4 | 753 | 159.9 (90.2 to 229.5) | 102.9 (34.6 to 171.1) | 84.7 (17.2 to 152.1) | 88.0 (20.8 to 155.3) |
| ⩾5 | 433 | 291.8 (211.2 to 372.4) | 185.7 (104.9 to 266.5) | 146.6 (66.5 to 226.8) | 138.1 (58.1 to 218.1) |
| Test for trend† | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | |
↵2-150 Test for trend based on ungrouped variable. †Test for trend based on ungrouped variable (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ⩾7).