Results of logistic regression for wheeze and rhinitis in past 12 months in relation to environmental factors
| Environmental factor | Odds ratios (95% CI) for symptoms, adjusted for age, sex, region, and other factors shown | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheeze | Speech limiting wheeze | Wheeze without colds | Rhinitis, itchy eyes | Spring/summer rhinitis | |
| Area (Metropolitan = 1.00) | *** | 3-150 | *** | ||
| Non-metropolitan | 1.20 (1.12 to 1.28) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) | 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) | 0.94 (0.86 to 1.02) | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.24) |
| Pets (None = 1.00) | 3-150 | 3-150 | 3-150 | 3-150 | |
| Furry pets | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.14) | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) | 1.08 (1.00 to 1.16) | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.30) |
| Other pets only | 1.13 (1.00 to 1.28) | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.29) | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.28) | 1.20 (1.04 to 1.39) | 1.34 (1.07 to 1.67) |
| Cooking fuel (Electricity only = 1.00) | |||||
| Gas | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 1.02 (0.93 to 1.13) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.06) | 1.05 (0.98 to 113) | 0.90 (0.81 to 1.01) |
| Other only | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.18) | 0.95 (0.71 to 1.27) | 1.17 (0.96 to 1.42) | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.38) | 0.87 (0.61 to 1.23) |
| Heating fuel (Electricity only = 1.00) | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** |
| Mains gas | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.17) | 1.10 (0.99 to 1.23) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.19) | 1.18 (1.09 to 1.28) | 1.33 (1.17 to 1.51) |
| Coal, wood, oil | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.32) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.17) | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.33) |
| Bottled gas, paraffin | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.37) | 1.38 (1.55 to 1.66) | 1.27 (1.11 to 1.45) | 1.47 (1.28 to 1.68) | 1.21 (0.96 to 1.52) |
| Other | 1.46 (1.23 to 1.72) | 1.52 (1.18 to 1.96) | 1.36 (1.13 to 1.64) | 1.62 (1.33 to 1.96) | 1.34 (0.97 to 1.85) |
| Housing (Owned = 1.00) | |||||
| Council | 0.96 (0.90 to 1.03) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | 0.99 (0.83 to 1.17) | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.17) | 0.91 (0.80 to 1.05) |
| Other rented | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.16) | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.36) | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.39) | 1.18 (0.92 to 1.51) |
| Other | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.24) | 1.25 (1.01 to 1.54) | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.22) | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.32) | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.23) |
| Passive smoking (Nobody = 1.00) | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Mother only | 1.08 (0.99 to 1.18) | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.31) | 1.06 (0.96 to 1.17) | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.06) |
| Father only | 1.10 (1.01 to 1.20) | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.42) | 1.08 (0.98 to 1.19) | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.82 to 1.12) |
| Both | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.19) | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.31) | 1.11 (1.00 to 1.23) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.23) | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.94) |
| Other | 1.30 (1.19 to 1.42) | 1.58 (1.38 to 1.81) | 1.26 (1.14 to 1.39) | 1.34 (1.21 to 1.49) | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.77) |
| Active smoking (Never = 1.00) | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Ex-smoker | 1.29 (1.21 to 1.38) | 1.29 (1.17 to 1.43) | 1.25 (1.17 to 1.35) | 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.24) |
| <Once weekly | 1.68 (1.44 to 1.97) | 1.58 (1.24 to 2.01) | 1.56 (1.31 to 1.85) | 1.40 (1.17 to 1.69) | 1.52 (1.16 to 1.98) |
| Weekly not daily | 1.65 (1.41 to 1.92) | 1.45 (1.14 to 1.84) | 1.55 (1.30 to 1.84) | 1.33 (1.11 to 1.60) | 0.98 (0.71 to 1.35) |
| Daily | 1.95 (1.76 to 2.16) | 1.74 (1.49 to 2.03) | 1.92 (1.72 to 2.15) | 1.55 (1.37 to 1.74) | 1.42 (1.17 to 1.72) |
↵3-150 p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 for heterogeneity.