Cross sectional association between FEV3-150 (ml) and intake of antioxidants (ml/mg), fruit or vegetables (ml/g) in middle aged men in Finland (n = 1248), Italy (n = 1386), and the Netherlands (n = 691)
| Antioxidants | Foods | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin C β (95% CI) | Vitamin E β (95% CI) | β-carotene β (95% CI) | Fruit β (95% CI) | Vegetables β (95% CI) | |||
| Finland | |||||||
| Model a | 1.32 (0.28 to 2.36) | 40.1 (25.0 to 55.3) | 1.3 (−18.1 to 20.8) | 0.23 (0.03 to 0.43) | 0.13 (−0.48 to 0.74) | ||
| Model b | 1.04 (−0.01 to 2.09) | 38.6 (23.6 to 53.7) | −2.9 (−22.3 to 16.4) | 0.32 (−0.12 to 0.76) | −0.02 (−0.63 to 0.59) | ||
| Model c | −0.51 (−1.73 to 0.71) | 22.1 (0.5 to 43.8) | −15.8 (−35.5 to 3.9) | 0.04 (−0.41 to 0.49) | −0.47 (−1.10 to 0.15) | ||
| Italy | |||||||
| Model a | 2.38 (0.96 to 3.80) | 14.4 (4.0 to 24.8) | 25.7 (−30.7 to 82.1) | 0.40 (0.19 to 0.62) | 0.52 (−0.19 to 1.24) | ||
| Model b | 2.19 (0.77 to 3.61) | 14.6 (4.2 to 25.0) | 29.3 (−27.1 to 85.8) | 0.38 (0.16 to 0.59) | 0.49 (−0.23 to 1.20) | ||
| Model c | 1.03 (−0.47 to 2.52) | −2.9 (−15.4 to 9.6) | 1.1 (−55.6 to 57.9) | 0.27 (0.05 to 0.49) | 0.17 (−0.54 to 0.89) | ||
| The Netherlands | |||||||
| Model a | 0.94 (−0.18 to 2.06) | −3.2 (−9.9 to 3.5) | 155.3 (40.9 to 269.8) | 0.32 (−0.08 to 0.73) | 0.52 (−0.12 to 1.16) | ||
| Model b | 0.69 (−0.42 to 1.79) | −2.8 (−9.4 to 3.9) | 144.3 (31.3 to 257.3) | 0.19 (−0.21 to 0.59) | 0.50 (−0.13 to 1.13) | ||
| Model c | 0.67 (−0.44 to 1.78) | −6.5 (−14.6 to 1.7) | 141.1 (27.4 to 254.7) | 0.19 (−0.21 to 0.59) | 0.49 (−0.14 to 1.12) | ||
Model a: adjusted for height and age.
Model b: adjusted for height, age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption.
Model c: adjusted for height, age, smoking, BMI, alcohol consumption, and energy intake.
↵3-150 In Finland and Italy FEV0.75 was measured and in the Netherlands FEV1.