Patients with borderline lung function, with or without hyperinflation (COPD, asthma) |
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Severe obesity |
Deformities of thoracic cage (e.g. kyphoscoliosis) |
Neuromuscular disorders |
Poor nutritional states (e.g. malignancies) |
Chronic glucocorticosteroid therapy |
Endocrine disorders (e.g. thyroid diseases) |