Established 2nd and 3rd line drugs |
Fluoroquinolones | The fluoroquinolones are the most active drugs of this category |
Ethionamide | |
PAS | |
Clofazimine | |
Kanamycin, amikacin | |
d-Cycloserine | |
Thiazetazone | |
Capreomycin | |
| |
Anecdotal effectiveness |
Imipenem | There is initial in vitro, experimental and clinical data to support a role of β-lactam antibiotics in the management of MDR-TB. |
Amoxicillin-clavulanate | Possible synergistic value in combination treatment |
Clarithromycin |
| |
Potential use under specific circumstances |
Isoniazid | Low level resistance (⩽1 μg/ml),inhA mutation? |
Ethambutol | Low level resistance (⩽1 μg/ml), absence of EmbB mutations. May be useful irrespective of MIC |
Rifabutin or KRM1648 | Useful in the presence of particular rpoB mutations conferring rifampin resistance |
Interferon γ | Some rationale to support its exceptional utilisation |
| |
Under development |
5-chloropyrazinoic esters of PZA | Active against pyrazinamide resistant strains |
PA824 | Nitroimidazolpyran analogue related to metronidazole |
Oxazolidinones | New drug group with antituberculous activity |
Thiolactomycins | New drug group with antituberculous activity |