Exercise data (mean differences from placebo with 95% confidence intervals)
| Ipratropium bromide | Theophylline | Theophylline and ipratropium bromide | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wmax (Watts) | 3.9 (−0.8 to 8.5) | 7.1 (3.0 to 11.2)2-150 | 12.1 (6.3 to 18.0)2-150 |
| V˙o 2max (ml/min) | 40 (7 to 73)2-150 | 77 (32 to 122)2-150 | 123 (62 to 183)2-150 |
| V˙co 2max (ml/min) | 52 (0 to 104)2-150 | 69 (17 to 121)2-150 | 160 (93 to 228)2-150 |
| V˙emax (l/min) | 2.2 (0.7 to 3.8)2-150 | 4.4 (2.4 to 6.4)2-150 | 8.5 (6.2 to 10.9)2-150 |
| HRmax (beats/min) | 1 (−2 to 5) | 16 (10 to 22)2-150 | 19 (15 to 24)2-150 |
| Sao 2at end of exercise (%) | −1 (−2 to 1) | 1 (−0 to 2) | 0 (−1 to 2) |
| Borg score before load | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.2) | 0.1 (−0.4 to 0.5) |
| Borg score at Wmax | −0.3 (−0.5 to 0.0) | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2) | 0.0 (−0.2 to 0.3) |
Wmax = maximum work rate; V˙o 2max = maximum oxygen consumption; V˙co 2max = maximum carbon dioxide production; V˙emax = maximum minute ventilation; HRmax = maximum heart rate; Sao 2 = arterial oxygen saturation.
↵2-150 p<0.05.