Reference | Age at start/end | Duration of follow up | Smoking exposure | Outcome | Cases | Non-cases | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence studies: | ||||||||
9 | 0 | 3 | Mother ⩾10 cigs/day | Wheeze | 247 | 515 | 2.07 (1.34 to 3.19) | |
9 | 3 | 6 | Mother ⩾10 cigs/day | Wheeze | 112 | 403 | 1.59 (0.89 to 2.84) | |
9 | 0 | 6 | Mother ⩾10 cigs/day | Wheeze | 359 | 403 | 1.91 (1.28 to 2.86)2-150 | |
4 | 0 | 6 | Mother smoking | Asthma | 141 | 891 | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.27)2-150 | |
Father smoking | Asthma | 141 | 891 | 1.27 (0.89 to 1.81) | ||||
10 | 0 | 5 | Mother in pregnancy | Wheeze | 2616 | 9914 | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.45)2-150 | |
6 | 1 | 10 | Mother smoking at any age | Wheeze | 1662 | 8016 | 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21)2-150 | |
7 | <5 | ? | 12 years | Mother ⩾10 cigs/day | Asthma | 86 | 653 | 1.68 (1.10 to 2.58)2-150 |
Father ⩾ 10 cigs/day | Asthma | 78 | 622 | 1.06 (0.67 to 1.69) | ||||
8 | 5–9 | ? | 9 years | Mother smoking | Asthma | 43 | 679 | 0.97 (0.51 to 1.84)2-150 |
Father smoking | Asthma | 43 | 679 | 0.91 (0.49 to 1.69) | ||||
12 | 0 | 7 | Mother in pregnancy | Asthma or WB | 1026 | 4583 | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.44)2-150 | |
12 | 7 | 16 | Mother in pregnancy | Asthma or WB | 368 | 4215 | 0.99 (0.78 to 1.25) | |
Mother at 16 y follow up | Asthma or WB | 368 | 4215 | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.41)2-150 | ||||
Father at 16 y follow up | Asthma or WB | 368 | 4215 | 1.10 (0.88 to 1.36) | ||||
Natural history studies: | ||||||||
15 | <2 | 8 | Either parent smoking | Persistent wheeze | 26 | 33 | 1.45 (0.45 to 4.70)2-150 | |
17 | <2 | 5 | Either parent smoking | Persistent wheeze | 26 | 54 | 3.10 (1.08 to 8.91)2-150 | |
18 | <3 | ? | 22–44 months | Household members smoke | Recent wheeze | 18 | 22 | 11.80 (1.32 to 105)2-150 |
19 | <3 | ? | 4 years | Either parent smoking | Recent wheeze | 22 | 45 | 0.80 (0.28 to 2.27)2-150 |
9 | <3 | 6 | Mother ⩾10 cigs/day | Recent wheeze | 100 | 147 | 0.99 (0.53 to 1.86)2-150 | |
10 | <5 | 16 | Mother in pregnancy | Wheeze past year | 218 | 1259 | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.15)2-150 | |
20 | <7 | 11 | Mother in pregnancy | As/WB past year | 203 | 887 | 0.56 (0.40 to 0.78)2-150 | |
20 | <7 | 23 | Mother in pregnancy | As/WB past year | 101 | 989 | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.98) |
↵2-150 Odds ratios used in meta-analyses (see text). WB=wheezy bronchitis.