Special articleDoes breast feeding help protect against atopic disease? Biology, methodology, and a golden jubilee of controversy*
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Cited by (206)
Exclusive breast-feeding, the early-life microbiome and immune response, and common childhood respiratory illnesses
2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :To date, studies examining whether particular breast-feeding patterns are associated with the onset of food sensitization, asthma, or AR in childhood have yielded conflicting results, with some of these even showing a detrimental effect of breast-feeding on these outcomes.38-43 The results from published meta-analyses have also been difficult to interpret,7,8 because many of the previous studies have lacked a detailed ascertainment of the duration or exclusivity of breast-feeding, have been at risk of recall bias due to their nonprospective study design, have only used categorical breast-feeding variables, have inadequately adjusted for confounders, or have used outcome definitions that did not include objective data.4-10 Our study addresses all these limitations.
Breast-Always Best?
2016, Allergy, Immunity and Tolerance in Early Childhood: The First Steps of the Atopic MarchHuman Milk: Its Components and Their Immunobiologic Functions
2015, Mucosal Immunology: Fourth EditionBreast-Always Best?
2015, Allergy, Immunity and Tolerance in Early Childhood: The First Steps of the Atopic MarchBreastfeeding and risk of atopic dermatitis up to the age 42 months: A birth cohort study in Japan
2014, Annals of EpidemiologyCitation Excerpt :Furthermore, among children without allergic symptoms from the age 6 to 18 months, we found positive associations between breastfeeding (terminated before the age 18 months in most cases) and occurrence of AD after the age 18 months, suggesting that reverse causation (to have AD → breastfeeding) is unlikely. Our study meets 11 of 12 criteria suggested by Kramer [14], although there was one unmet criterion, that is, the assessment of effects in children at high risk of AD, which was not possible due to lack of information on parental allergic history. The present study is consistent with the findings from Japan that used cross-sectional design [19,20] and prospective design [9].
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Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association, Anaheim, California, April 30, 1987.
- 1
Dr. Kramer is a National Health Research Scholar of the National Health Research and Development Program, Health and Welfare Canada.