TrendInduction of TH1 and TH2 responses: a key role for the ‘natural’ immune response?
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2019, Acta BiomaterialiaCitation Excerpt :Additionally, TGF-β, which generally acts as a promoter of tumor proliferation in the late stage of tumor progression, exhibited a marked decrease upon SA/IBR/EPG treatment compared with that of other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the level of IL-12 and IFN-γ, which is critical for Th1 immune response, [65–68] was increased after treatment with SA/IBR/EPG (Fig. 7A; P < 0.01). VEGF is highly expressed in TAMs, where it promotes tumor cell proliferation and facilitates angiogenesis [69–71].
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2017, FitoterapiaCitation Excerpt :The Th1 profile is described by the initial production of IFN-γ and IL-12 with an effector phase of T lymphocytes producing IL-2 and IFN-γ and mediating cytotoxic activity (CTL). In contrast, Th2 responses are put forth by IL-4 with predominantly IL-5 and IL-10 producing T cells in the active phase driving antibody production [19,21,23,39–41]. IL-17A is the principal member of the family named IL-17A cytokine group [42].