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Where there’s smoke there’s lung disease

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr Youcheng Liu
Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; youcheng.liu@uky.edu

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Although global energy consumption from biomass fuels or biofuels is only a small part of the total (12%), the use is much more prevalent in developing countries than in developed countries (33% vs 3%).¹ It is estimated that almost 3 billion people or 50% of households worldwide use biomass and coal as their main source of energy for cooking, heating and other household needs.^2,3 Biofuels have higher emission factors for particulate matter and other pollutants, especially during incomplete combustion at lower temperatures,⁴ which generates indoor airborne particles at levels much higher than those for cleaner fuels⁵ or outdoors,³ and well above levels in most polluted cities.⁶ Such particles also have small aerodynamic diameters (ranging from 0.05 to 1 µm for wood smoke, for example)¹ and can penetrate deep into the alveolar region to induce adverse pulmonary effects. Some of the earliest work concerned with respiratory health . . . [Full text of this article]

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