Prospective study of dietary patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US men

Raphaelle VARRASO ^1*, Teresa T FUNG ², Frank B HU ³, Walter Willett ³ and Carlos A Camargo Jr⁴

¹ Harvard School of Public Health, United States
² Simmons College, Harvard School of Public Health, United States
³ Harvard School of Public Health, Channing laboratory, United States
⁴ Massachusetts General Hospital, Channing Laboratory, Harvard School of Public Health, United States

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rvarraso{at}hsph.harvard.edu.

Accepted 15 March 2007

Abstract

Background: Many foods are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms or lung function. Because foods are consumed together and nutrients may interact, dietary patterns are an alternative way to characterize diet. Our objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns and newly diagnosed COPD in men.

Methods: Data were collected from a large prospective cohort of US men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study). Using principal component analysis, two dietary patterns were identified: a prudent pattern (high intake of fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grain products) and a Western pattern (high intake of refined grains, cured and red meats, desserts and French fries). Dietary patterns were categorized into quintiles and Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, smoking, pack-years, (pack-years)², race/ethnicity, physician visits, US region, body mass index, physical activity, multivitamin use and energy intake.

Results: Between 1986 and 1998, we identified 111 self-reported cases of newly diagnosed COPD among 42,917 men. The prudent pattern was inversely associated (RR for highest vs. lowest quintile [95%CI] = 0.50 [0.25-0.98], p for trend = 0.02) with the risk of newly diagnosed COPD. By contrast, the Western pattern was positively associated (RR for highest vs. lowest quintile [95%CI] = 4.56 [1.95-10.69], p for trend<0.001) with the risk of newly diagnosed COPD.

Conclusions: In men, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and fish may reduce risk of COPD, whereas a diet rich in refined grains, cured and red meats, desserts and French fries may increase risk of COPD.

Keywords: COPD, dietary pattern, men, principal component analysis, prospective cohort

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