Risk factors for accident and emergency attendance for asthma in inner city children

Lindsay Forbes ^1*, Sheila Harvey ², Deborah Jarvis ³, Christina Luczynska ⁴, Roger Newson ³, John Price ⁴ and Peter Burney ³

¹ Wandsworth Primary Care Trust, Springfield University Hospital,, United Kingdom
² London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
³ Imperial College London, United Kingdom
⁴ Kings College London, United Kingdom

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lforbes{at}sgul.ac.uk.

Accepted 26 February 2007

Abstract

Background: Inner city children make heavy use of accident and emergency (A and E) services for asthma. Developing strategies to reduce this requires a better understanding of the risk factors.

Methods: We carried out a case control study of children with asthma living in South East London: 1018 children who attended A and E for asthma over one year and 394 children who had not attended A and E for asthma over the previous year. The main risk factors were socioeconomic status, home environment, routine asthma management, and parents’ psychological responses to, and beliefs about the treatment of asthma attacks.

Results: A and E attendance was more common in children living in poorer households. We found no associations with home environment nor measures of routine asthma care. Children who had attended outpatients were much more likely to attend A and E (odds ratio (OR) 13.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.13, 24.33). Other risk factors included: having a parent who reported feeling alone (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.71, 3.87) or panic or fear (OR 2.62. 95% CI 1.75, 3.93) when the child’s asthma was worse; and parental belief that the child would be seen more quickly in A and E than at the GP surgery (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.62, 3.79). Parental confidence in the GP’s ability to treat asthma attacks reduced the risk of attending A and E (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.17, 0.54).

Conclusions: We found no evidence that passive smoking, damp homes or poor routine asthma care explain heavy inner city A and E use in children with asthma. Reducing A and E use is unlikely to be achieved by improving these, but identifying appropriate settings for treating children with asthma attacks and communicating these effectively may do so.

Keywords: asthma, emergency medicine, health care utilization

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