ASTHMA

T cell cytokine profiles in childhood asthma

V Brown¹, T J Warke¹, M D Shields², M Ennis¹

¹ Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
² Department of Child Health, Queen’s University Belfast

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor M Ennis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast B12 6BJ, UK;
m.ennis{at}qub.ac.uk

Background: An imbalance of T cell subsets in asthma with a predominance of Th2 type cells has been proposed. The aim of this study was simultaneously to detect surface markers and intracellular production of cytokines in T cells from the airways of children with and without asthma.

Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was obtained by wedging a suction catheter into the distal airway immediately before elective surgery. Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristrate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin and intracytoplasmic cytokine retention was achieved using monensin. The cells were stained with the relevant antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry.

Results: No statistical difference was observed between children with atopic asthma, atopic non-asthmatic subjects, and normal controls in the percentage of CD3+ cells producing interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4. Interferon (IFN)+ T cells were, however, present in a much higher percentage than either IL-2 or IL-4 positive cells. The percentage of IFN+ T cells was significantly increased in subjects with atopic asthma (median 71.3%, interquartile range (IQR) 65.1–82.2, n=13) compared with both atopic non-asthmatic subjects (51.9%, IQR 37.2–70.3, n=12), p<0.05 and normal controls (58.1%, IQR 36.1–66.1, n=23), p<0.01.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that IFN producing T cells are more abundant in the airways of children with atopic asthma than in atopic non-asthmatic subjects and controls. The proinflammatory activities of IFN may play an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and may suggest that asthma is not simply a Th2 driven response.

Keywords: asthma; children; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; cytokines; flow cytometry

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