ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Effects of daily variation in outdoor particulates and ambient acid species in normal and asthmatic children

D J Ward¹, K T Roberts², N Jones¹, R M Harrison¹, J G Ayres², S Hussain¹ and S Walters¹

¹ Institute of Public and Environmental Health, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
² Department of Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor J G Ayres, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK;
ayresj{at}heartsol.wmids.nhs.uk

Background: Evidence suggests that the respiratory health of children may be adversely affected by daily variation in outdoor pollutants, particularly ozone and particulates. However, data from the UK are sparse and the contribution of different particulate fractions and acid species, together with the identification of those individuals most at risk, are not clear.

Methods: One hundred and sixty two 9 year old children were enrolled from two inner city locations and recorded daily symptoms and twice daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) over 8 week periods in the winter and summer. Their results were analysed with daily pollutant levels at appropriate lags using regression models which corrected for trends, weather, pollen, and autocorrelation.

Results: Pollutant levels were generally low, especially in the summer. Multiple statistically significant associations were noted between health outcomes and pollutant concentrations, but no consistent patterns in identified effects were apparent between pollutants, lags, direction of observed effect, or location. There was no evidence to suggest that subgroups with atopy or pre-existing wheeze are more sensitive to pollutant effects.

Conclusion: These data do not suggest that adverse health outcomes are associated with daily variation in health effects. No evidence was found to indicate that particulates or individual acid and anion species are more closely related to adverse health outcomes than other pollutants.

Keywords: asthma; children; air pollution; particulates

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This article has been cited by other articles:

• Ward, D J, Ayres, J G (2004). Particulate air pollution and panel studies in children: a systematic review. Occup. Environ. Med. 61: e13-13 [Abstract] [Full Text]