ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A defective type 1 response to rhinovirus in atopic asthma

N G Papadopoulos¹, L A Stanciu^1,2, A Papi¹, S T Holgate¹, S L Johnston^1,2

¹ University Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
² National Lung and Heart Institute, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Professor SL Johnston, Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK;
s.johnston{at}ic.ac.uk

Background: Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the most frequent precipitants of the common cold and asthma exacerbations, but little is known about the immune response to these viruses and its potential implications in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with atopic asthma and normal subjects were exposed to live or inactivated RV preparations. Levels of interferon (IFN) and interleukins IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were evaluated in the culture supernatants with specific immunoassays.

Results: Exposure of PBMC to RVs induced the production of IFN, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-13. Cells from asthmatic subjects produced significantly lower levels of IFN and IL-12 and higher levels of IL-10 than normal subjects. IL-4 was induced only in the asthmatic group, while the IFN/IL-4 ratio was more than three times lower in the asthmatic group.

Conclusions: This evidence suggests that the immune response to RVs is not uniquely of a type 1 phenotype, as previously suggested. The type 1 response is defective in atopic asthmatic individuals, with a shift towards a type 2 phenotype in a way similar, but not identical, to their aberrant response to allergens. A defective type 1 immune response to RVs may be implicated in the pathogenesis of virus induced exacerbations of asthma.

Keywords: rhinovirus; asthma

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Subrata, L. S., Bizzintino, J., Mamessier, E., Bosco, A., McKenna, K. L., Wikstrom, M. E., Goldblatt, J., Sly, P. D., Hales, B. J., Thomas, W. R., Laing, I. A., LeSouef, P. N., Holt, P. G. (2009). Interactions between Innate Antiviral and Atopic Immunoinflammatory Pathways Precipitate and Sustain Asthma Exacerbations in Children. J. Immunol. 183: 2793-2800 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakagome, K., Okunishi, K., Imamura, M., Harada, H., Matsumoto, T., Tanaka, R., Miyazaki, J.-i., Yamamoto, K., Dohi, M. (2009). IFN-{gamma} Attenuates Antigen-Induced Overall Immune Response in the Airway As a Th1-Type Immune Regulatory Cytokine. J. Immunol. 183: 209-220 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harada, M., Hirota, T., Jodo, A. I., Doi, S., Kameda, M., Fujita, K., Miyatake, A., Enomoto, T., Noguchi, E., Yoshihara, S., Ebisawa, M., Saito, H., Matsumoto, K., Nakamura, Y., Ziegler, S. F., Tamari, M. (2009). Functional Analysis of the Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Variants in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 40: 368-374 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harada, M., Nakashima, K., Hirota, T., Shimizu, M., Doi, S., Fujita, K., Shirakawa, T., Enomoto, T., Yoshikawa, M., Moriyama, H., Matsumoto, K., Saito, H., Suzuki, Y., Nakamura, Y., Tamari, M. (2007). Functional Polymorphism in the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Gene Associated with Adult Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 36: 491-496 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Singh, A. M., Moore, P. E., Gern, J. E., Lemanske, R. F. Jr., Hartert, T. V. (2007). Bronchiolitis to Asthma: A Review and Call for Studies of Gene-Virus Interactions in Asthma Causation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175: 108-119 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hershenson, M. B., Johnston, S. L. (2006). Rhinovirus Infections: More Than a Common Cold. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 1284-1285 [Full Text]  
• Kaiser, L., Aubert, J.-D., Pache, J.-C., Deffernez, C., Rochat, T., Garbino, J., Wunderli, W., Meylan, P., Yerly, S., Perrin, L., Letovanec, I., Nicod, L., Tapparel, C., Soccal, P. M. (2006). Chronic Rhinoviral Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174: 1392-1399 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Proud, D., Chow, C.-W. (2006). Role of Viral Infections in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 35: 513-518 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mallia, P., Johnston, S. L. (2006). How viral infections cause exacerbation of airway diseases.. Chest 130: 1203-1210 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Singh, A M, Busse, W W (2006). Asthma exacerbations {middle dot} 2: Aetiology. Thorax 61: 809-816 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Laza-Stanca, V., Stanciu, L. A., Message, S. D., Edwards, M. R., Gern, J. E., Johnston, S. L. (2006). Rhinovirus Replication in Human Macrophages Induces NF-{kappa}B-Dependent Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production.. J. Virol. 80: 8248-8258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Harju, T H, Leinonen, M, Nokso-Koivisto, J, Korhonen, T, Raty, R, He, Q, Hovi, T, Mertsola, J, Bloigu, A, Rytila, P, Saikku, P (2006). Pathogenic bacteria and viruses in induced sputum or pharyngeal secretions of adults with stable asthma. Thorax 61: 579-584 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnston, S. L. (2005). Impact of viruses on airway diseases. ERR 14: 57-61 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnston, S. L., Martin, R. J. (2005). Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A Role in Asthma Pathogenesis?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 1078-1089 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Holgate, S. T. (2005). Exacerbations: The Asthma Paradox. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 941-943 [Full Text]  
• Xatzipsalti, M., Kyrana, S., Tsolia, M., Psarras, S., Bossios, A., Laza-Stanca, V., Johnston, S. L., Papadopoulos, N. G. (2005). Rhinovirus Viremia in Children with Respiratory Infections. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 1037-1040 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Grissell, T. V., Powell, H., Shafren, D. R., Boyle, M. J., Hensley, M. J., Jones, P. D., Whitehead, B. F., Gibson, P. G. (2005). Interleukin-10 Gene Expression in Acute Virus-induced Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 172: 433-439 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnston, S. L. (2005). Overview of Virus-induced Airway Disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2: 150-156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cho, S.-H., Stanciu, L. A., Holgate, S. T., Johnston, S. L. (2005). Increased Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, and Interferon-{gamma} in Airway CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Atopic Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171: 224-230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Biscione, G.L., Corne, J., Chauhan, A.J., Johnston, S.L. (2004). Increased frequency of detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae in asthma. Eur Respir J 24: 745-749 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Murray, C. S., Simpson, A., Custovic, A. (2004). Allergens, Viruses, and Asthma Exacerbations. Proc Am Thorac Soc 1: 99-104 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Message, S. D., Johnston, S. L. (2004). Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 5-17 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnston, S. L. (2003). Experimental Models of Rhinovirus-induced Exacerbations of Asthma: Where to Now?. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168: 1145-1146 [Full Text]  
• Brooks, G. D., Buchta, K. A., Swenson, C. A., Gern, J. E., Busse, W. W. (2003). Rhinovirus-induced Interferon-{gamma} and Airway Responsiveness in Asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168: 1091-1094 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lemanske, R. F. Jr. (2003). Is Asthma an Infectious Disease?: Thomas A. Neff Lecture. Chest 123 : 385S-390S [Abstract] [Full Text]  

eLetters:

Read all eLetters

Are type 1 and type 2 reponses really reciprocal?

Wendy JA Anderson

Thorax Online, 22 May 2002 [Full text]