Induction of IL-8 production in human alveolar macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro by swine dust
Department of Occupational Medicine, The
National Institute for Working Life, S-171 84 Solna, Sweden
Correspondence to: Dr L Palmberg.
Received 4 September 1997; Returned to authors 31 October 1997; Revised version received 20 November 1997; Accepted for publication 12 December 1997
BACKGROUND
Exposure to swine dust
causes an intense airway inflammation with increased levels of
interleukin 8 (IL-8) and predominantly neutrophils in the nasal and
bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of healthy human subjects. It is not
clear which components in the swine house environment are responsible
for the airway reaction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate
and compare the effect in vitro of swine dust components on human
alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells.
METHODSNormal human bronchial
epithelial cells (NHBE), human pulmonary epithelial carcinoma cell line
(A549), and human alveolar macrophages were stimulated with swine dust,
lipopolysaccharides (LPS; present in Gram negative bacteria), grain
dust (swine feed components), and glucans (a structural component of
fungi) in a dose response manner (1-100 µg/ml).
RESULTSSwine dust at a concentration
of 100 µg/ml increased IL-8 production 20 fold in NHBE cells, 28 fold
in A549 cells, and 15 fold in macrophages. LPS (100 µg/ml) stimulated
all three cell types significantly, in macrophages to the same extent
as swine dust, but in NHBE and A549 cells swine dust was 5-8 times as
potent. Grain dust (100 µg/ml) had no effect in A549 cells but
stimulated NHBE cells and macrophages. Glucans (100 µg/ml) stimulated
A549 cells and macrophages but not NHBE cells. Both glucans and grain dust were weaker stimuli than swine dust and LPS. The LPS content of
swine dust solution was 2.16 (0.2) ng/100 µg and of grain dust was
0.53 (0.04) ng/100 µg.
CONCLUSIONSSwine dust is a strong
stimulus for IL-8 production in both bronchial epithelial cells and
human alveolar macrophages, whereas LPS has different potency in these cells.
© 1998 by Thorax
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